Ectopic or unerupted teeth, particularly maxillary canines or supernumerary teeth, can cause crowding, root resorption, or delayed eruption of adjacent teeth.

Accurate localisation using OPG and CBCT is essential to determine the tooth’s position relative to vital structures and adjacent roots.

In many orthodontic cases, timely surgical exposure and bonding allow guided eruption and prevent impaction-related complications.

Referral is recommended when:

• The canine is not palpable or visible after the expected eruption period.

• Radiographs show displacement towards the palate, nasal cavity, or sinus.

• Supernumerary teeth are impeding eruption or causing midline deviation.

In an oral and maxillofacial surgery setting, these teeth can be exposed, removed, or repositioned with minimal trauma using precise imaging and flap design. Collaboration with the orthodontist ensures correct alignment and function.

When to refer to AWOMS Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: Any unerupted or ectopic canine identified radiographically after the normal eruption time, or supernumerary teeth affecting alignment or eruption.