Impacted canines, particularly in the upper arch, are a common reason for surgical referral.

Early identification and management prevent complications such as resorption of adjacent roots or cyst formation.

When orthodontic alignment is planned, surgical exposure of the canine allows traction and proper eruption.

Referral is advised when:

• The canine is unerupted beyond the expected age or visible only radiographically.

• OPG or CBCT shows displacement, root resorption, or proximity to other teeth.

• The orthodontist requests surgical exposure or assistance with bonding attachments.

Oral and maxillofacial surgeons perform precise exposure with minimal trauma and coordinate timing with orthodontic treatment.

If the tooth is unfavourably positioned or ankylosed, surgical removal may be recommended instead.

When to refer to AWOMS Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: Any impacted canine detected radiographically or delaying eruption - early surgical evaluation supports orthodontic success and prevents adjacent tooth damage.