Maxillofacial trauma, including fractures, dislocations, or lacerations, often presents first to GPs or dentists.

Subtle fractures may not be visible on plain radiographs and can lead to long-term dysfunction if untreated.

Referral should be made when:

- There is swelling, asymmetry, occlusal change, or limited opening.

- History of impact with suspected fracture of jaw or zygomatic region.

- Chronic jaw pain, clicking, or locking persists despite conservative care.

Oral and maxillofacial surgeons assess with 3D imaging, stabilise fractures, and manage TMJ disorders with non-surgical or surgical options.

When to refer: Any post-trauma with facial asymmetry, malocclusion, or persistent joint pain.