Odontogenic infections can rapidly spread into fascial spaces of the head and neck, leading to airway compromise or sepsis.

Early recognition and referral for surgical drainage can prevent hospitalisation and long-term complications.

Referral is advised when:

• There is trismus, swelling extending beyond the alveolar ridge, or systemic symptoms.

• The infection involves the submandibular, sublingual, or parapharyngeal spaces.

• The patient has difficulty swallowing, breathing, or shows signs of sepsis.

Oral and maxillofacial surgeons perform incision and drainage under sterile conditions, manage airway risk, and coordinate IV antibiotic therapy when required.

Early referral ensures prompt control of infection and reduces the risk of serious complications.

When to refer to AWOMS Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: Any spreading facial infection, trismus, or systemic involvement - urgent surgical assessment is recommended.