Communication between the oral cavity and maxillary sinus can occur after upper molar extraction or sinus surgery.

If not properly closed, it may lead to chronic sinus infection, discomfort, or persistent drainage through the socket.

Referral is appropriate when:

• A visible opening or air leakage through the extraction site is detected.

• There is persistent nasal regurgitation, whistling, or sinus infection after extraction.

• The defect fails to close spontaneously within 1–2 weeks.

Oral and maxillofacial surgeons can repair the defect using local flaps or graft materials, ensuring proper sinus healing and preventing chronic oro-antral fistula formation.

When to refer to AWOMS Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: Any case with confirmed or suspected sinus communication after extraction - prompt closure prevents chronic infection and long-term complications.