TMJ dysfunction may present with pain, limited opening, joint sounds, or deviation on movement.

While most cases respond to conservative care, persistent or severe symptoms warrant specialist assessment.

Referral is advised when:

• The patient experiences chronic pain or restricted opening.

• There is joint locking, dislocation, or history of trauma.

• Conservative management (splints, physiotherapy) fails to relieve symptoms.

Oral and maxillofacial surgeons perform detailed TMJ evaluation with imaging, assess disc position, and provide options ranging from arthrocentesis to reconstructive surgery if needed.

When to refer to AWOMS Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: Any TMJ disorder not improving with initial management or associated with trauma or significant dysfunction.